The most noticeable difference between dandruff scalps and dry scalps is the size and color of the flakes. Dandruff flakes tend to be on the larger side with an oily, yellowish hue. Usually these flakes are loose in the hair rather than attached your scalp. On the contrary, dry scalps have small, dry, white flakes on the scalp surface. One thing to consider is whether or not you tend to have oily or dry skin on other parts of your body as this can help indicate which type of scalp you have as well.